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本帖最后由 北极狐 于 2013-10-9 13:52 编辑
接续上楼
Case Study 2: Atletico Madrid 案例2：马竞
Under manager, Diego Simeone, Atletico Madrid has challenged the duopoly of La Liga. Despite losing key players season after season, Atletico have continued to rebuild and flourish even more so in recent years due to a more identifiable philosophy that Simeone has imprinted into the team. Under Simeone however, it is clear to see that the formation he has chosen to precede his relatively fledgling managerial career with is 4-4-2. 在西蒙尼的带领下，马德里竞技正在挑战西超双雄的垄断地位。尽管年年都有优秀球员流失，但马竞在近几年总能迅速完成重建并日益强大，这一切要归功于西蒙尼的足球哲学给球队烙下的印记。然而对于西蒙尼来说，在他略显稚嫩的执教生涯初期，他似乎对4-4-2情有独钟。
Unlike other sides, Atletico Madrid have not taken a proactive approach despite the attacking nature which can be utilised as analysed in the previous case study. Instead, they have adopted a much more reactive approach, utilising the key defensive strength that the 4-4-2 brings which is a structured two-banks-of-four “shield” which contains the opposition attack before launching stinging counter attacks. 与其他球队不同，马竞并没有像前一个案例分析的那样采取积极主动的比赛方式，尽管那种方式能够充分激发球队的进攻潜能。相反，他们采取了较为被动的守势，向我们充分展示了4-4-2阵型中两道防线的强度以及蕴藏其中的防反杀伤力。
Unlike Manchester City, Atletico Madrid haven’t looked for various approaches in attack, instead they have looked to field four technically proficient players in midfield, none of which are comparable to the “traditional” roles of the old 4-4-2 formation. In attack, Atletico possess two quality strikers who individually possess key qualities which Simeone uses to make this system as effective as it is. Their usual 4 midfielders (Koke, Gabi, Suarez, Turan) are all technically efficient passers (some Turan & Koke more so) and are willing workers too which coincides with the philosophy built with the formation. 与曼城不同，马竞并未寻求进攻方式的多样化。取而代之的是他们在中场配备了四名技术出众的球员，没有一个是传统意义上4-4-2阵型中的角色。进攻端他们拥有两名优秀的射手，两人拥有出众的个人能力使得西蒙尼的体系能最大程度发挥功效。四名主力中场球员分别是科克、加比、马里奥-苏亚雷斯和图兰，他们不仅都是出色的传球手（图兰和科克尤为出色），也拥有顽强的意志力，与打造该阵的足球哲学不谋而合。
Atletico Madrid’s system can be broken down into very simple zones on the pitch and it’s this simplicity which can out do even the most complex of opposition strategies. The yellow shade represents the area of the pitch in which the Atletico Madrid players operate in the most, very condensed and difficult to break down. They defend with a mid-low block and look to suffocate the central areas, the body positioning on approach by the Atletico Madrid players is always intended to show the opposition players into the central areas where there is the most congestion of players. 为了展示马竞的战术思想，我们可以将场地简单地划分为若干区域，而这看似简单的区域却可以衍生出最复杂的技战术。图中黄色区域代表马竞球员最活跃的区域，非常集中，很难直接攻破。他们的防线囤积于中后部，在中路进行压迫，马竞球员在跑位时经常压迫对方球员至中部，那里可是最密不透风的地方。
Once possession is won, Atletico Madrid look to counter attack into areas where the blue shades are, and once the ball is in those areas they will look to make blind-side runs behind the opposition in order to penetrate and create goal scoring opportunities. If the ball is lost, the red shaded area illustrates the “pressing zone” where Atletico will press high up the field to try and win the ball back, should the opposition play out of the red shaded area then Atletico begin to fall back into their usual block. The black shaded area is where both “wide players” will look to come into in both attacking and defensive transitions. By congesting the central areas with 4-6 players, the opposition are forced to play into wide areas where it is easier to delay the attack until Atletico Madrid can revive their shape and begin the initial defensive transactions. 一旦赢得球权，球队的反击重点便出现在图中蓝色区域，而且一旦皮球进入蓝色区域，那么就会有球员向对方防守队员的盲区进行无球跑动，寻找渗透和创造进球的机会。如果球权丢掉了，那么球队就会立刻在图中红色区域即“压迫地带”进行拦截和反抢。如果对方设法将球转移出了红色区域，那么球队又会立刻落入常规拦截阵型。黑色区域表示两名“边路球员”在这里进行攻防转换。由于马竞在中路囤积了4到6名球员，对手势必倾向于选择边路进攻，这时马竞就有充足的时间拖延对方进攻，恢复阵型，回到初始的防守站位。
Looking at the individual pairs which make up the 4-4-2 system, it is easy to see how the two systems contrast despite predominantly being the same shape. Although Manchester City uses their “interiors” as the attacking outlets, they are both different in the areas they operate. Atletico Madrid’s “interiors” position themselves wide when in an attacking transition and then look to come into the central areas once the ball is in control in the opposition territory. 观察一下组成4-4-2的单体组合，我们不难发现两种体系的不同之处，虽然两者大体是同样的阵型。曼城的边路球员“内插”是成为进攻的突破点，在不同的区域使用不同的进攻手段；而马竞球员的“内插”则是由守转攻时分散边路，一旦球在对方半场时才会向中内收。
Atletico Madrid’s fullbacks, unlike Manchester City’s, are far more balanced and although not as potent in the final third as a collective, they do offer far more defensive solidarity and adhere to the reactive nature of their system and philosophy. Felipe Luis, the Atletico Madrid left back is used as an outlet more than the more disciplined and considerate Juanfran who positions himself deeper to allow progression in possession, but not penetration. 另外，马竞的边后卫也与曼城有所不同，他们在比赛中更注重平衡，尽管在本方领地马竞的整体防守表现并不那么令人信服，但他们的确在防守时众志成城，坚决贯彻他们的体系与足球哲学。左边后卫菲利佩-路易斯在进攻中的投入比安分守己的右边后卫胡安弗兰更多后者更注重持球向前推进而非盲目前插。
A key component in Atletico Madrid’s system is the operation of the strikers, both Diego Costa and David Villa have been fundamental in allowing the system to flourish the way it has. In Villa, Atletico Madrid have a striker who offers consistent and potent runs into space beyond the last defender, this in itself pushes the opposition defence backwards and gives more room to the midfield when counterattacking. Diego Costa on the other hand possesses qualities that allow Atletico Madrid to be the main threat on counter attacks and beyond. Firstly, his rugged nature when defending means he is willing to close down any and all loose balls and sets a precedent for the rest of the team. Secondly upon Atletico Madrid gaining possession he looks to compete aerially and bring others into play high up the field. During the counter attacking phases he will drift into wide areas and manoeuvre various spaces around the pitch whilst Villa occupies the defensive line, and then Costa will look to make runs behind the defence or into the box when possession is high up the field and a cross is viable. 马竞战术体系的另一个重要环节是锋线，迭戈-科斯塔和比利亚都为战术的实现奠定了基础。比利亚在比赛中不断冲击对方防线身后的区域，迫使对方防线收缩，从而为己方中场球员在反击中争得更大的空间。迭戈-科斯塔则是一个防反利器，充当箭头人物。首先，他面对防守时的铁血作风意味这他更倾向于争抢下所有的二分之一球，为全队树立榜样。其次，马竞得到球权后，他作为支点可以在前场争顶，带领全队上前摧城拔寨。在反击中，他习惯扯动到边路，而比利亚则上前压制对方后卫线，这样在中路他们就创造出了大量的空间，然后科斯塔或者伺机反越位前插，或者进入禁区等待队友传中进行抢点。
An illustration of Atletico Madrid’s counter attacking style can be seen in the diagrams below, despite looking to attack down both flanks where they can exploit the space they have created by inviting pressure onto them, a large majority of their shots have come from central areas. 下图展示了马竞的反击风格，尽管进攻主要是从两翼发起，这主要源于球队不断施压所争取到的空档，他们绝大多数的射门还是来自于中路。
Case Study 2 Summary: 案例2阵型小结
- Reactive approach to the game 防守反击的比赛方式
- More emphasis on structure and containment, rather than possession and penetration 注重站位和空间，而非控制或渗透
- Wide players position themselves like wingers, but play like playmakers 像司令塔一样的边路球员
- Fullbacks play a more balanced role 平衡攻防的边后卫
- Strikers are less structured, more importance in their build up and counter attacks 加固阵型、参与防反的游击型前锋
By taking these two case studies into consideration, it can be comparatively analysed that both proactive and reactive approaches can work with this system effectively. The system itself is continuously being evolved and slowly being used by bigger teams such as Real Madrid but is yet to be perfected. The strengths of the system lay in the basic structure in both offense and defence; however the weakness remains that in certain transitions, a formation built to create superiority in midfield can still dominate the ball in critical areas. Only in a few years’ time will we be able to tell whether the continued evolution of the formation was a success, or just a phase. The question that should be posed is whether this new breed of 4-4-2 can make its way back into “footballing fashion” once again.
深入以上两个案例我们可以看到，无论是积极主动的打法还是被动的防守打法都能在这样的体系中发挥作用。这套体系自身还在不断改良中，并慢慢的被诸如皇马等豪门慢慢采用，当然它也称不上完美。4-4-2阵型的优点在于在攻防两端都打下了基础；而缺点也存在于某些转换中，一个更为优化的中场阵型仍能在关键区域主导球权。只有经过一些年的考验我们才能判断这套不断改良的阵型是否取得了成功，或者也仅仅只是一个过渡阶段。这股4-4-2的清新之风能否重新再次引领足球潮流，值得我们拭目以待。
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发表于 2013-10-9 18:24:31
